The critical function of this deubiquitinating enzyme in the restriction of TLR signals emphasizes the importance of the regulation of ubiquitin conjugation in innate immune cells.ĪB - A20 is a cytoplasmic protein required for the termination of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced signals. A20 accomplished this biochemically by directly removing ubiquitin moieties from the signaling molecule TRAF6. A20 was required for the termination of Toll-like receptor-induced activity of the transcription factor NF-κB and proinflammatory gene expression in macrophages, and this function protected mice from endotoxic shock. We show here that mice doubly deficient in either A20 and TNF or A20 and TNF receptor 1 developed spontaneous inflammation, indicating that A20 is also critical for the regulation of TNF-independent signals in vivo. N2 - A20 is a cytoplasmic protein required for the termination of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced signals. Supported by the National Institutes of Health (RO1AI53224 and R01DK52751 to A.M.), Digestive Disease Research Center (DK42086), Burroughs Welcome (E.M.), Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America (D.B.) and Medical Scientist Training Program (GM07281 E.T., R.-C.A. Malynn for reagents, discussions and critical reading of the manuscript. T1 - The ubiquitin-modifying enzyme A20 is required for termination of Toll-like receptor responses
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